What Is a Step-down transformer 220v-110v? How does It Work?

Step down Transformer- 220v-110v Step-down 7500 Watts

A step-down transformer 220v-110v  converts voltage from 220v to 110v, whereas a step-up transformer converts low voltage power to high voltage power.

A transformer works on the basis of the mutual induction principle, as well known as Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, the law states that the magnitude of voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

To get a deeper understanding of the performance of a transformer, let’s dig into its basics.

Mutual Induction

It means that a current gets induced in a coil when it comes into contact with a current-carrying coil having varying magnetic flux. This induced current is directly proportional to the rate of change in current.

Faraday’s Law

Faraday’s Law, states that any change in the magnetic field near the coil or electrical conductor leads to the production of an electromotive force (EMF) that is induced inside the coil due to changes in magnetic flux.

Components of a transformer

A transformer consists of the following key parts:

Core

These are coils that are winded up on a certain material collectively to form a transformer core. These cores are made of highly permeable materials that are able to carry the flux. The core of a transformer acts as a path or channel for the easy flow of magnetic flux. These cores are made using ferromagnetic materials that have high permeability such as iron.

In transformers, they use thin metallic iron sheets instead of a single solid core because the single solid core causes a greater generation of eddy currents and this decreases the efficiency of a transformer.

Winding

Voltage transformers are winded with wires called coils. The wires used here have less resistance and good conductivity, which is key for you to get good efficiency from the transformer. In most cases, copper is used in the transformer winding as it has good electrical conductivity and very low electrical resistance in comparison to other wires. It is also affordable as compared to others like gold, silver, and platinum.

Working

Transformers work on the principle of mutual induction. So, when there is any change in the current of one of the coils, an electric current is also induced in the other coil in its proximity.

Every transformer consists of two coils or winding: primary coil and secondary coil. The primary winding is plugged into the AC power source and the secondary into the load or the appliance. When AC current gets to the primary winding of the coil, a magnetic flux is induced. Through the transformer core, the magnetic field completes its path. As the secondary coil comes in contact with this magnetic flux, an EMF is induced on it. The strength of the generated EMF depends on the number of coils or turns in the winding of the secondary coil.

See the below illustration:

• N1>N2
• where, N1 = represents the No. of turns in coil 1
• N2 = represents No. of turns in coil 2

The relationship between the voltage and the number of turns in a coil is:

• Vp/ Vs = Np/Ns

where Vp = Voltage in the primary coil

• Vs = Voltage in the secondary coil
• Np = number of turns in the primary coil
• Ns = number of turns in the secondary coil

What is a Step Down Transformer?

A step-down transformer is one that has a larger number of turns in the primary coil and a smaller number for the secondary coil. So, as shown from the previous equation for the relationship between the number of turns in winding and voltage, if the number of turns in the primary is higher than the number of turns in the secondary then the EMF generated in the secondary is less than the primary input.

Hence, we get a lower voltage in the secondary coil of a step-down voltage transformer. As the name indicates, the step-down transformer is used in converting higher voltage power into lower voltage power i.e. 220/240 volts down to 110/120.

Now let’s understand the above explanation with an example:

Types of Step-Down Transformers

• Single-phase Step Down Transformers
• Center Phase Step Down Transformers
• Multi-tapped Step-Down Transformers

Single-Phase Step-Down Transformer

They are used to step down the current ratings and input voltage, and it gives the low voltage and current output required by an electrical appliance.

Center Tapped Step-Down Transformer

This type of Step-Down transformer has one primary winding and a center split in the secondary winding, by which it gives the output voltage to the center point.

Multi Tapped Step-Down transformers

This type of Step-down transformer has multiple tapping in the secondary coil. Multiple Tapping step-down transformers are used to get the desired varied output with secondary coils.

Applications of Step-Down Transformers in Kenya

• Step-down transformers are used in power adaptors and rectifiers to efficiently decrease the voltage. They are also used in electronic SMPS.
• In main adapters and chargers for cell phones, stereos, and CD players
• To step down the voltage levels in power transmission lines
• In welding machines by reducing voltage levels and increasing current.
• In televisions, voltage stabilizers, inverters among other electrical appliances

Advantages of Step-Down Transformers

• Step-down transformers are very reliable and can give the ideal output with an efficiency of up to 99%
• They can give the desired output voltage easily without loss of power
• They are affordable and reliable.
• They can always be used to provide high currents and low voltages
• Useful in stepping down the voltage, thereby making power transmission easier and cost-effective
• Provides varied voltage requirements for various equipment in various locations

How can I determine the capacity of the Step-Down transformer 220v-110v Step down required?

• Transformer size is determined by the kVA of the load.
• Load voltage, or secondary voltage, is the voltage needed to operate the load.
• Line voltage, or primary voltage, is the voltage from the source.
• Single-Phase has two lines of AC power.
• Three-Phase has three lines of AC power, with each line 120 degrees out of phase with the other two.
• kVA is kilovolt ampere or thousand-volt ampere. This is how transformers are rated.

Where to buy Step down transformer 220v-110v Step down in Kenya?

Buy step-down transformers from Rapidtech Digital Solutions in Kenya and get them delivered to your doorstep.